Summary

The Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel examines violations and crimes against and affecting Palestinian children, including serious physical and psychological harm by the Israeli security forces since 7 October 2023 resulting in the death of at least 20,179 and injury of 44,143 children.

The Commission examines the use of torture, inhumane and degrading treatment,

including sexual and gender-based violence, against Palestinian children, particularly during

mass arrests and in detention. It analyses pattern of Israel’s targeting of critical infrastructure

essential to children, such as healthcare facilities and its short- to long-term consequences, as

well as the impact of reproductive violence on newborns, resulting in poor neonatal health and

birthing outcomes; attacks on orphanages and schools, impacting the loss of care for orphans

and unaccompanied children, and inducing academic harm and learning disruptions for

children, respectively.