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Winfried Martini, the then correspondent in Jerusalem of the Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung who, according to his own testimony, had “close personal ties with Zionism” remarked  later on the “paradoxical fact” that all papers, it was the Jewish [i.e. Zionist] pre...

The Racial Equality Proposal (Japanese: 人種的差別撤廃提案; lit. "Proposal to abolish racial discrimination") was an amendment to the Treaty of Versailles that was considered at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. Though it was broadly supported, the proposal did not bec...

The Red Summer was a period in mid-1919 during which white supremacist terrorism and racial riots occurred in more than three dozen cities across the United States, and in one rural county in Arkansas. The term "Red Summer" was coined by civil rights activist ...

What: Scale a vectorWhy: Computations to alter the length and direction of a vectorTime To Complete: 1-3 hours Multiply a vector by a numeral from the left. v = 5.4 * {x,y}; show v; save as scale; Multiply a vector by a numeral from the right. v...

What: Negative scale factorWhy: How to reverse a vector to point in the opposite directionTime To Complete: 1-3 hours v1 = {1,1}; v2 = -1*v1; //list of pivots; pivots = {{0,0}, {0,0}}; //list of vectors; vectors = {v1,v2}; vectorplot pivots vec...

value to rhs. What do we mean equal by value? Example: 3 = 6/2 in spite of the fact that lhs and rhs are made from very different expressions but their values are Identical or the same, hence the Identity term. = : copies stores the rhs into lhs; // = stores...

Algebraic a*(c-u) Free Form solve a*x +b == 0 for x

In Free Form Programming Language (ff) the concept of Symbol is more than one: Individual alphabet in a language e.g. x in English , ω in GreekComposite of individual symbols e.g. dara that while it is the concatenation of four alphabets ff treats it as a sin...

In Free Form Programming Language (ff) the concept of a Constant is an immutable structure. Examples : 5, 𝝅 .

= + - * / {} () ; "" -> < > <= ⋂ ⋃ ⊕ ✕ ∂ ∈ ∉ ⊂ → and

lhs : Left Hand Side rhs : Right Hand Side p = q : an identity Equational Expression: expr1 = expr2 e.g. expr1 = a*x+b and expr2 = cos[b-c] copy: when an object is duplicated, byte by byte so to say, into a facsimile. This definition of copy is the sim...

The highlighted are the phrases pts = evaluate l2 in the -1 to 3 range at increments of (1/4); Part of a sentence, have a meaning in and of itself, but often has no procedural meaning alone.

pts = evaluate l2 in the -1 to 3 range at increments of (1/4); FIXME: line cannot be even be used as a subphrase; l2 := l[v,t,{0,b}];

sol = solve[ a*x + b == 0, {x}]; show sol; save as solve4; Output "sol" → {-(b/a)}

radius=norm[{x,y}]; linear = 3*x+2*y; pts = instance [linear <= 3 and 0.5<=radius <=1 , 300]; //show pts; pointplot pts; save as cropped_anulus; Ouput

What: Different sides to an operator e.g. == Why: Proper treatment of the sides of an operator e.g. == results in much functionality Time To Complete: 3 hours .left and .right In Free Form Programming Language (ff) the dot operator, namely the dot on you...

What: Subtract the same expression from the both sides of == Why: Such side-wise subtraction is an essential computation for solving equations Time to Complete: 3 hours eq = (x -3 == 17*y + 9); lhs = eq.left - 9; rhs = eq.right - 9; eq2 = (lhs == rhs)...

What: Add the same expression to the both sides of == . Why: Such side-wise addition is an essential computation for solving equations. Time to Complete: 3 hours. eq = (x -3 == 17*y - 9); lhs = eq.left + 9; rhs = eq.right + 9; eq2 = (lhs == rhs); show ...