# Background

Basics for setting up equations and extracting solutions.

# Terminologies

**lhs** : Left Hand Side

**rhs** : Right Hand Side

**p = q**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> : an identity </span>

**Equational Expression**: expr1 = expr2 e.g. expr1 = a\*x+b and expr2 = cos\[b-c\]

**copy**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">: when an object is duplicated, byte by byte so to say, into a facsimile. </span>

<p class="callout warning"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">This definition of </span>**copy**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> is the simplest to grasp the concept. In due places, more sophisticated definitions will be produced.</span></p>

**Structure**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">: a </span>**structure**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> is that which permitting </span>**Similarity**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> to other </span>**Similars**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span>

**Example**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">: </span>**Circular**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> is a structure since it permits </span>**similarity**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>**to**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> anything that is </span>**round**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span>

**Example**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">: </span>**Red**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> is a structure since it permits </span>**similarity to**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> anything that is </span>**red**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span>

**Example**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">: </span>**Numeral**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> is a structure since it permits </span>**similarity to**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> anything that is a </span>**number**.

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">ff calls a list e.g. </span>**{1,2,3}** <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">as a </span>**structure**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">, or a function e.g. </span>**cos\[ \]** <span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">a </span>**structure**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> or an </span>**algebraic structure**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> e.g. </span>**x^2-1**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">. </span>

# Symbols

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">In Free Form Programming Language (ff) the concept of Symbol is more than one:</span>

1. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Individual alphabet in a language e.g. x in English , ω in Greek</span>
2. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Composite of individual symbols e.g. dara that while it is the concatenation of four alphabets ff treats it as a single symbol</span>
3. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: pre-wrap;">Mathematical symbols e.g. ⨂ </span>
4. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: pre-wrap;">Glyph (Unicode) e.g. 🌊 , 💬 </span>
5. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Glyph a raster image (this option is currently unavailable for HTML use)</span>

<p class="callout warning"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: pre-wrap;">The mathematical symbols in many cases have particular syntax and semantics in an expression which cannot be altered or ignored. </span></p>

<p class="callout warning"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The mathematical symbol single space or " " is interpreted multiplication in mathematical textbooks. Additionally in ff often " " is assigned the functionality of separator in a list of items.</span></p>

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">o be more general ff defines a Symbol as follows:</span>

<p class="callout info"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">An atomic or indivisible structure with no discerning programmable components is called a Symbol.</span></p>

# Constants

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: pre-wrap;">In Free Form Programming Language (ff) the concept of a </span>**Constant**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: pre-wrap;"> is an </span>**immutable**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: pre-wrap;"> structure. </span>

**Examples** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">: 5, 𝝅 .</span>

# Operators

=

+

-

\*

/

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">{} </span>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">() </span>

;

""

-&gt;

&lt;

&gt;

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">&lt;= </span>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">⋂ </span>

⋃

⊕

✕

∂

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">∈ </span>

∉

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> ⊂</span>

→

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">and </span>

# ==

value to rhs. What do we mean equal by value? Example: 3 = 6/2 in spite of the fact that lhs and rhs are made from very different expressions but their values are Identical or the same, hence the Identity term.

**=**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> : copies stores the rhs into lhs;</span>

```
// = stores the rhs into lhs;
x1  = 5;

x2 = 2 * x1;

show x2;

// == creates an equations between lsh and rhs;
x3 = (x1 == 5);

show x3;


x4 = (x2 == 10);

show x4;

// lhs and rhs with different variables;
x5 = (x2 == 2*x1);

show x5;

save as equations;
```

# Expressions

**Algebraic**

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">a\*(c-u)</span>

**Free Form**<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span>

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: pre-wrap;">solve a\*x +b == 0 for x </span>

# Words

"I am a word"

# Phrases

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The highlighted are the phrases</span>

<span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">pts = </span><span style="background-color: rgb(251, 238, 184);">evaluate l2</span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> in the </span><span style="background-color: rgb(251, 238, 184);">-1 to 3</span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> range </span><span style="background-color: rgb(251, 238, 184);">at increments of</span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"> (1/4); </span>

Part of a sentence, have a meaning in and of itself, but often has no procedural meaning alone.

# Sentences

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">pts = evaluate l2 in the -1 to 3 range at increments of (1/4);</span>

<p class="callout danger">FIXME: line cannot be even be used as a subphrase;</p>

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">l2 := l\[v,t,{0,b}\];</span>